Bac Anglais 1er groupe, L1-L'1 2024
Thousands of Senegalese migrants are pouring into the US after social media helped spread the word about a new itinerary through Nicaragua. They are using WhatsApp, Instagram and other channels to guide fellow migrants along the path, which makes stops in Casablanca, Madrid, El Salvador and Nicaragua, where they are taken to a bus by smugglers $5$ to cross the US-Mexican border, according to the Associated Press.
The traditional route has been disrupted by the "opening up" of the new itinerary. The trend has taken off, especially as a visa is not required for Nicaragua. This Central American country has crucially relaxed entry requirements for would-be migrants. In fact, the influx was sudden and unexpected — and comes at a time when groups of $5.000$ to $6.000$ a week are $10$ being allowed to legally enter the US at El Paso, Texas, this year.
Unlike the massive influx of African migrants who arrived in the $1990$s as refugees, the latest surge of migrants is not escaping any natural disaster, coup or sudden economic collapse, suggesting that the power of social media is reshaping migration patterns.
Travel agents have leaned into the new trend and have promoted the journey $15$ themselves on social media, including packages of flights that follow the new route. “No matter what is your burning desire to come, if there is no route, you will not even think about it. The reality is : People see a window of opportunity, that’s why they are rushing,” said an African activist living in New York.
Before the discovery of the new path, migrants applying for asylum in the US would fly $20$ to Brazil and risk walking through the dense jungle of the Darien Gap. It also allows them to avoid the often-deadly canoe voyages to Europe - one of which killed at least six of the $50$ migrants who were crossing the English Channel last week.
Reading comprehension
A. Read paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 then complete the chart with relevant information
$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|} \hline \text{The}&\text{Two factors that}&\text{Two means of}\\ \text{Nicaragua}&\text{attrac migrants}&\text{communication used}\\\text{new pathway}&&\\\hline &1.\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots&3. \ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\\ &2. \ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots&4.\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\\\hline \end{array}$$
B. Fill in the gaps with adequate words from the indicated paragraphs
Over the past few months, a large number of Africans have travelled to America.
(5).............. (parag. 1), a small Central American country, has recently become famous in West Africa since it is a new pathway to the US. It is a country that does not necessitate a (6)............. (parag. 2) for many of them to get there. On social media, videos of (7)................ (parag. 3) filming themselves have appeared. The recent (8)............. (parag. 5) of this new itinerary has left the American authorities blindly looking for solutions to the flow of emigrants.
C. Read paragraphs $3$ and $4$ to find the equivalent of this French statement
$$\begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \text{French statement}&\text{English equivalent}\\ \hline \text{Les agences de voyage se sont ralliées à cette}&9.\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\\ \text{nouvelle tendance et ont fait elles-mêmes la}&\ldots\ldots\ldots\\ \text{promotion du voyage sur les réseaux sociaux.}&\\\hline \end{array}$$
D. Both statements are FALSE. Justify them with appropriate information from the text
10. Entering the USA via Nicaragua has become more difficult.
Justification : ..............................................
11. Traditional European are safer than the new pathway.
Justification : ..............................................
E. What do the underlined words in the text refer to ?
12. the path (paragraph 1) : .................
13. this year (paragraph 2) : ..................
II. Linguistic and communicative competence :
F. Read the situations below and use the expressions in the box to react by expressing advice and condition
$$\boxed{\text{should(not)-wish-if}}$$
Situation : Many illegal migrants violate international migration laws.
14. Express advice :..........................................
Situation : Migrants see a window of opportunity; that is why they are willing to take risks.
15. Express condition : .........................................
G. Complete this passage with appropriate words derived from the ones in brackets
It is important to keep in mind that most of the would-be migrants’ initiatives to leave their countries, sometimes by (16) ................... (legal) means, are supported and sponsored by their parents. They do not hesitate to sell their property to cover the amount (17) ..................... (require) for the perilous adventure. Some US neighboring countries’ efforts to contain migrants have often caused a lot of (18) ............... (angry). Opportunities for work and housing are (19) ................. (relative) limited there.
H. Complete this conversation on migration meaningfully; it is between a mother and her son.
Mother : I have recently heard from your wealthy cousin who (20) .................... to America a few months ago.
Son : Rich ? How come ? If my memory serves me right, he has not spent a long time there,. (21) ...................
Mother : Sure ! He told me that it's easy to get a good job. If you’re interested at all, I am ready to provide for your (22) ................. abroad !
Son : No way ! I prefer to earn a living here since I can't live far from you.
Mother : I know how you feel about me, but remember that you can take better care of us if (23) .............................
III. Writing : Choose one topic and write about $200$ words on it
Topic 1 : Your cousin Modu is unemployed and hopeless. After watching videos of his friends showing images of American cities, he has decided to migrate to the US illegally, but yodisagree with him. You are trying to convince him to change his mind. Write out your dialogue.
Topic 2 : A great number of young Senegalese have a strong desire to go abroad whatever it costs. What are the main causes and consequences of this phenomenon ? Suggest some solutions.
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